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Kansas State University

Malware

Malware is short for malicious software and is usually used as a catch-all term to refer to any software which causes damage to a single computer, server, or computer network. Some of the most common types of malware are:

Eight seconds... That's how fast a computer can get infected once it connects to the Internet, according to K-State IT staff.

Viruses
Viri are self-replicating pieces of malware that require a host file and depend on human action to spread. Viruses attach to files in such a way that when the infected file executes, the virus also executes. Some viruses can sit in a computer's memory and infect files as the computer opens, modifies, or creates new files.

Worms
Worms are parasitic computer programs that self-replicate and spread, but unlike viruses, do not infect host program files. They are independent pieces of code that exploit known system vulnerabilities and often run malicious payloads - without the need for a user to activate them.

Trojan horses
A Trojan horse, in software terms, refers to a malicious piece of software that is hidden inside an apparently useful and innocent application. Users systems generally become infected by trojan horses when they install software or a fake "patch" from an internet download or an email attachment.

Spyware
Spyware and adware are small software programs that get stored on your computer without your permission, usually when you visit a website, sign up for "free" mailings, or download "free" software. These programs gather information about your computer use, web browsing, and online purchasing and send it to sites that may sell it to others.

Rootkits
Rootkits are designed to give an attacker "root" or administrative access to a victim's computer. With root access, an attacker can perform a variety of tasks on the computer including browsing the infected computer's hard drive, making new user accounts or changing existing ones, or even using the computer's network connection for nefarious purposes.

What can happen?

The dangers of infection can vary quite a bit based on they type of Malware and the intention of the attacker.

An infection on your computer can lead to:
  • Theft of valuble personal information
  • Sending spam to other computer users worldwide
  • Making your computer run more slowly
  • Making your computer crash more often, and take longer to start up
  • Using valuable computer memory and hard disk space
  • Altering your computer's settings from what the manufacturer intended
  • And more

While many of these dangers can render a computer or the data on it useless, there are ways to mitigate the damage, and in many cases to stop the attack before it becomes a problem at all.

What can you do?

It is essential to protect your computer on a daily basis. Most viruses are written for PCs, but some target Macs. K-Staters are required to use the university-supplied antivirus software made available to faculty, staff, and students at no charge for campus and home use. The software is available at antivirus.k-state.edu and in the CatPack software CD.

  1. Install K-State's antivirus software.
  2. Install critical updates: Microsoft Windows Update for PCs, and Apple Downloads for Macs
  3. Install a good spyware-prevention program, and ensure that it is kept up-to-date.
  4. Be cautious of e-mail atachments. See e-mail risks for details.

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