U.S. Patents:

Shared Flux Reciprocal Electric Actuator: Patent # 4,486,728 with 19 claims, issued 12/04/1984. An electromagnetic actuator is provided by an armature plunger which reciprocally shuttles between magnetic paths having common overlapping portions through the plunger. A magnetically permeable yoke directs the flux paths of a pair of coaxial coils. When either coil is energized, a first flux path is created around that coil through the plunger and a second flux path is created around both coils through the plunger. The first path pulls the plunger to close an axial magnetic air gap. The second path holds the plunger in place. The ratio of the permeances of the two paths is controlled such that one path always overpowers the other, to insure plunger movement in either direction.

Vacuum regulator: Patent #  4,567,910 with 22 claims, issued 02/04/1986. A vacuum regulator for automotive vehicles of the type having an engine exhaust system and a computer-controlled exhaust gas recirculation system, the regulator having a housing provided with a pair of spaced outlets intercommunicating through a flow restrictive orifice and adapted to be connected to the engine exhaust system and to the exhaust gas recirculation system, respectively; an inlet for atmospheric air connected by a passageway to the outlets; and a solenoid-operated spring-biased valve in the housing controlling flow of atmospheric air to the outlets; the housing being fashioned in two parts or sub-assemblies which are interconnected at final assembly by the flux collector which is part of the solenoid, the operating parts of the regulator being uniquely formed and arranged to minimize noise of operation, and the entire assembly being uniquely constructed to minimize cost of manufacture.

Torsion damping mechanism with variable damping: Patent # 4,576,259 with 10 claims, issued 03/18/1986.  A mechanism disposed in a torque converter housing for damping torsionals in a vehicle drive line. The mechanism comprises a viscous coupling including a housing having two sidewalls defining a chamber containing a viscous liquid, and a clutch member disposed in the chamber for viscous clutching coaction with the housing. One of the sidewalls is defined by an end wall of the torque converter housing. The housing and clutch member are interconnected by a spring assembly including flat torsion springs which transmit steady-state drive line torque and isolate drive line torsionals. The inner surfaces of the housing each include two circumferentially spaced clutching surfaces separated by the clutch member. The clutch member has oppositely facing surfaces each which include two flat circumferentially spaced clutching surfaces. When the clutching surfaces of the housing are disposed opposite the clutching surfaces of the clutch member, the clutching coaction there between is a maximum. When the clutching surfaces of the housing are disposed opposite the spaces between the clutching surfaces of the clutch member, the clutching coaction is a minimum.

Rubber toughened polyvinyl alcohol film compositions: Patent # 4,608,187 containing 19 claims, issued 08/26/1986. Polymer compositions are provided which may be cast as thin, self-supporting films, useful in forming sealed envelopes or pouches containing granulated pulverulent or non-aqueous liquid materials. The cast films comprise a polymeric matrix, having at least about 50 weight percent polyvinyl alcohol, and a plurality of microdomains dispersed throughout the polymeric matrix. The films have good resistance to breakage at low temperatures and low relative humidities.

Fuel tank mounted roll-over valve: Patent #  4,646,772 with 17 claims, issued 03/03/1987. A roll-over valve assembly is adapted for mounting on a fuel tank so as to expose internal portions of the valve mechanism to the tank headspace. Because liquid may slosh about in the tank, the valve includes a structure for shedding liquid fuel away from the main orifice so as to minimize intrusion of liquid fuel through the main orifice into an associated vapor control system to which the valve is connected. The roll-over valve further includes a relief and return vent valve mechanism which has a cooperative association with the tank headspace and the associated vapor control system. The valve assembly comprises a relatively small number of individual parts and it is cost effective for the various functions which it performs. The preferred embodiment utilizes a caged ball for closing the valve upon roll-over.

Semiconductor Processing Technique for Generating Dangling Surface Bonds and Growing Epitaxial Layer by Excimer Laser: Patent # 4,655,849 with 13 claims, issued 04/07/1987. A semiconductor processing technique is disclosed for reasonantly reacting with a semiconductor wafer substrate and cleaving surface atomic bonds to create dangling bonds. The substrate is irradiated with excimer pulsed ultraviolet laser radiation at a discrete designed wavelength to resonantly photolytically cleave surface bonds and create the dangling bonds. This enhances further processing operations such as single crystalline silicon deposition and enhanced bonding and growth thereof.

Semiconductor Processing Technique with Differently Fluxed Radiation at Incremental Thicknesses: Patent # 4,670,063 with 2 claims, issued 06/02/1987. A semiconductor processing technique is disclosed for periodically selectively effecting lattice ordering and dopant distribution during a semiconductor layer formation process. Excimer pulsed ultraviolet laser radiation is provided at different energy fluxes to provide an electrically active layer as formed, without post-annealing, and curing lattice damage otherwise due to certain processing methods such as ion implantation. In a photolytic deposition technique, excimer laser radiation is periodically increased to transiently provide a pyrolytic thermal reaction in the layer as thus far deposited to provide a plurality of short intermittent periodic annealing steps to ensure crystallization as the layer continues to be deposited at lower radiation energy fluxes. Single crystalline material may be formed without post-annealing by periodically irradiating incremental thicknesses of the layer as formed.

Electrical Device with protective Shroud for Flexible Electrical Cable Extending Therefrom: Patent # 4,678,867 with 5 claims, issued 07/07/1987. A protective shroud for a flexible electrical cable at the location where it emerges coaxially from the rear end of an electrical device, such as an inductive proximity or photoelectric sensor, serving as a strain relief and protection from being bumped as well as retaining such electrical cable at a gradual right-angle bend from a orizontally-mounted sensor to keep it out of the way, such as from the aisle adjacent a conveyer on which the sensor is mounted. Snap-in means including an annular groove on the rear end of the sensor and a constricted-opening slot in the inner side wall of the shroud afford snap-in mounting of the latter onto the rear end of the sensor with the shroud being rotatable thereon to allow the electrical cable to be oriented in any desired direction. Another version of protective shroud adapted for a vertically-mounted sensor in FIG. 3 has its snap-in slot in its upper end wall so as to surround and protect the downwardly hanging cable at the location where it emerges from the rear end of the vertically-mounted sensor. The shroud is mounted of plastic material of a selected color to identify the product of a particular manufacturer.

Lacunar cobalt complexes for oxygen separation:Patent # 4,680,037 containing 26 claims, issued 07/14/1987. The present invention is a cobalt complex having the structural formula: [Figure] wherein each R₁ is independently hydrogen, a phenyl or a C₁ -C₆ alkyl group; each R₂ is independently hydrogen or a C₁ -C₆ alkyl group; R₃ is a C₄ -C₃₀ hydrocarbyl radical connecting the two carbonyl carbons; and Y is o-phenylene, --CH₂)_a wherein "a" is 2 or 3, --CH₂)_b NR₄ --CH₂)_c, wherein "b" and "c" are independently 2 or 3 and R₄ is hydrogen or a C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl group. These complexes have the ability to selectively and reversibly bind oxygen, thus making them useful components of oxygen separation membranes and absorbents.

Torsion damping assembly: Patent # 4,690,256 with 22 claims, issued 09/01/1987.  An assembly for damping torsionals in a vehicle driveline. Assembly includes a spring assembly and a vane damper assembly disposed in parallel and immersed in automatic transmission fluid of a torque converter housing. The spring assembly isolates driveline torsionals and the damper assembly dissipates the torsionals. The damper assembly includes first and second relatively rotatable housing members respectively connected to the spring assembly output and input. Members are also frictionally interconnected by surfaces. Housing members define chambers containing the transmission fluid and which vary inversely in volume in response to flexing of the spring assembly by the driveline torsionals. As the chambers vary in volume, energy from the torsionals is converted to fluid pressure in the chambers decreasing in volume. The pressure increases the engagement force of the friction surfaces and the pressure is dissipated across restricted passages.

Method and apparatus for maximizing internal combustion engine work output by controlled heat release: Patent # 4,691,682

Method of making high purity silicon nitride precursor: Patent # 4,732,746 containing 14 claims, issued 03/22/1988. A method of economically making silicon nitride precursor, comprising: (a) reacting silicon halide vapor with liquid ammonia at a situs (i.e., at a temperature of -20° to +40° C.) in an inert environment having a pressure equal to or greater than 35 psig, which environment is effectively devoid of organic contaminants, said reaction producing a mixture of precipitated silicon imide in liquid ammonia having dissolved ammonium halide; (b) extracting a portion of the mixture from the situs; and (c) separating the precipitate from the liquid of the portion. Preferably the silicon halide is SiCl₄ and its vapor is brought into reaction with the liquid ammonia by way of a nonreactive carrier gas (N₂ or argon). The proportioning of the SiCl₄ and liquid ammonia is effective so that the exothermic heat of chloride-ammonia reaction substantially offsets the latent heat of vaporization of the ammonia into the residual carrier gas to provide a neutral heat balance or slight overall endothermic heat transfer.

Pillared cobalt complexes for oxygen separation: Patent # 4,735,634 containing 20 claims, issued 04/05/1988. The present invention is a cobalt complex having the structural formula: [Figure] wherein each R₁ is independently, a phenyl or a C₁ -C₆ alkyl group; each R₂ is independently hydrogen, a phenyl, or a C₁ -C₆ alkyl group; R₃ is either N-succinimido substituted with a C₃ or greater hydrocarbon functionality at the carbon atoms .alpha. to the imido carbonyl carbons, or a carbonyl functionality having a C₁ greater hydrocarbon substituent with the proviso that if said substituent is methyl, R₂ cannot be hydrogen; and Y is o-phenylene, --CH₂ --_a, wherein "a" is 2 or 3, --CH₂ --_b NR₄ --CH₂ --_c, wherein "b" and "c" are independently 2 or 3 and R₄ is hydrogen or a C₁ -C₁₂ alkyl group. These complexes have the ability to selectively and reversibly bind oxygen, thus making them useful components of oxygen separation membranes and absorbents.

 
Linear position sensor using a coaxial resonant cavity: Patent 4,737,705

Concentrated non-phosphate detergent paste compositions:Patent # 4,743,394 containing 29 claims, issued 05/10/1988. In one embodiment, the invention provides novel low-temperature-effective non-phosphate detergent paste compositions comprising: A concentrated non-phosphate, detergent paste composition which is rapidly soluble in cold water comprising, by weight: (a) about 10-50% of at least one nonionic surfactant; (b) about 5-70% of at least one water insoluble non-phosphate builder; (c) about 0-70% of at lest one water soluble non-phosphate builder; wherein the ratio of (b+c): a is greater than or equal to about 1.0; and wherein the ratio of b:a is less than about 2.0. The novel detergent paste compositions provide good removal of oily and particulate soils from both natural and synthetic fibers and yet surprisingly are rapidly soluble/dispersible in cold water. Furthermore, adjuncts such as nonionic, anionic, cationic, and amphoteric surfactants; phase stabilizers; fluorescent whitening agents; anti-redeposition agents; corrosion-inhibiting agents; dyes; pigments; bleaches, fabric softeners; enzymes; and fragrances may be added to the novel paste detergents of this invention. The invention also provides novel delivery means in the form of unit dosage size water soluble polyvinyl alcohol film packets to deliver the novel detergent paste compositions into wash water.

Method for preparing 1,4-diaminoanthraquinones and intermediates thereof:Patent # 4,746,461 containing 11 claims, issued 05/24/1988. Aminoanthraquinones are generally useful as dyes and coloring agents. But known methods of synthesizing unsymmetrically substituted 1,4-diaminoanthraquinones are tedious and complex. A simple and efficient method is provided for preparing 1,4-diaminoanthraquinones, particularly unsymmetrically substituted 1,4-diaminoanthraquinones, by means of novel monoamino-monotosyloxy-anthraquinones.

Check valve: Patent # 4,751,940 with 7 claims, issued 06/21/1988. A check valve using a porous membrane to discriminate between gases and liquids. An elastomeric porous membrane disposed in the valve body at right angles to flow bears directly against a non-porous closure plate which is held off of a valve seat by a spring whose force acts opposite to the direction of fluid flow. The valve, therefore, is normally open. Air flows through the membrane with relatively little resistance and therefore passes through the valve unimpeded. Liquid, on the other hand, meets substantially high resistance to flow and creates a force on the membrane opposing the bias force exerted by the spring. Liquid, therefore, tends to displace the membrane and the closure member against the valve seat to close the valve. The device is advantageously applied to fuel management systems.

Thickening system for incorporating fluorescent whitening agents: Patent # 4,764,302 containing 22 claims, issued 08/16/1988. A thickening system for laundry products incorporates low levels of a fluorescent whitening agent or dye, a surfactant and an acidic pH adjusting agent. At the acidic pH, the fluorescent whitening agent precipitates as a colloidal particle, and is stabilized by associating with the surfactant, resulting in thickening. Optionally, a C_6-18 soap synergistically increases viscosity. The thickening system may be formulated with a bleaching product and preferably with a peroxide bleach product.

Polymer film composition for rinse release of wash additives:Patent # 4,765,916 containing 18 claims, issued 08/23/1988. A polymeric film for the rinse release of wash additives comprises an outer film layer of a hydroxybutylmethylcellulose (HBMC)/hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) blend. An inner film layer is a PVA film having a metalloid oxide cross-linking agent present in an amount sufficient to cause the PVA film to gel in a pH of below about 9.0. Both film layers include a plasticizer and may include a surfactant. The film can be used as a seal for an insoluble container, or made into a water-soluble pouch. Optionally, either a third film layer of the HBMC/HPMC blend, or a nonwoven fabric layer may be included for greater durability. The films remain intact during normal wash cycles and over a range of typical water temperatures, then rapidly dissolve in the rinse.

Four Wheel Steering System:Patent # 4,766,419

Brake Control System and Method:Patent # 4,768,840

Liquid hydrogen peroxide/peracid precursor bleach: acidic aqueous medium containing solid peracid precursor activator: Patent # 4,772,290 containing 15 claims, issued 09/20/1988. Storage-stable, low temperature-active liquid hydrogen peroxide laundry bleaching compositions are provided. The compositions contain a dispersion of a solid particulate peracid activator in acidic aqueous hydrogen peroxide. The activator is insoluble at the acidic conditions of storage but dissolves and activates the hydrogen peroxide at the alkaline conditions of use in laundry. Optionally the bleaching compositions can contain optical brighteners, surfactants, and/or fabric softeners.

Four Wheel Steering Having Closed Hydraulic System With Pressure Control Assembly:Patent # 4,776,418

Glycolate ester peracid precursors: Patent # 4,778,618 containing 24 claims, issued 10/18/1988. The invention provides novel bleaching compositions comprising peracid precursors with the general structure with R, R', R" and L as defined in the specification. Novel peracids and precursors are also herein disclosed. These peracid precursors provide new, proficient and cost-effective compounds for fabric bleaching.

Superheat control of air conditioning system incorporating fuel cooler: Patent # 4,790,145 with 5 claims, issued 12/13/1988. A system for preventing vapor-lock in a positively pressurized loop-type engine fuel line having the low pressure or tank return portion of the fuel line passing through a heat exchanger disposed in the refrigerant line for the vehicle air conditioner between the endothermic heat exchanger or evaporator and the compressor inlet. A thermistor senses the temperature of the refrigerant discharging from the fuel line heat exchanger and a pressure transducer senses evaporator discharge saturation pressure. Look-up tables are used to determine saturation temperature from the saturation pressure, and saturation temperature and actual refrigerant temperature compared to generate a pulse-width modulated control signal for controlling an electrically operated refrigerant expansion valve to maintain a desired amount of superheat at the discharge of the fuel line heat exchanger.

Alkyl monoperoxysuccinic acid precursors and method of synthesis: Patent # 4,790,952 containing 20 claims, issued 12/13/1988. A number of novel peracid precursors each have the general structure: wherein: Z is a leaving group, the conjugate acid of the leaving group being in the range of from about 4 to 15; R is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkenyl group having from about 1 to 18 carbon atoms; and M is hydrogen or an alkali or alkaline earth metal. A method is also disclosed for synthesizing a product as represented above wherein succinic anhydride, including an R constituent as defined above is dissolved in a water-miscible, non-nucleophilic solvent and an acid including a Z constituent as defined above is neutralized and deprotonated to form a nucleophile, the substituted anhydride and the nucleophile being combined to form the product. The product is a component in a dry bleach product, optionally including other adjuncts.

Method of improving the storage life of liquid compositions containing enzymes: Patent # 4,801,544 containing 3 claims, issued 01/31/1989. Compositions effective in removing protein, fat and/or starch based stains as well as oil and grease based stains from fabrics comprise organic solvents admixed with surfactants and an enzyme component wherein the enzymes are dissolved in aqueous solution and the aqueous solution is, in turn, dispersed as reversed micelles within the solvent/surfactant mixture. Encapsulating the enzymes in reversed micelles protects them from degradation by the solvents and thereby prolongs the effectiveness of the enzymes for extended periods of time. The total water content of the compositions is kept below 5 weight % so that the compositions' oil and grease stain removal ability remains unimpaired.

Tractor-Trailer Brake Control System: Patent # 4,804,234

Tractor-Trailer Brake Control System: Patent # 4,804,237

Tractor-Trailer Brake Control System: Patent # 4,818,035

Four Wheel Steering Having Closed Hydraulic System With Pressure Relief: Patent # 4,830,128

Apparatus for Four Wheel Steering Vehicle: Patent # 4,830,129

Speed Responsive Rear Wheel Steering: Patent # 4,838,374

Multiturn Shaft Position Sensor Having Magnet Movable with Nonrotating Linear Moving Nut: Patent # 4,841,246 with 15 claims, issued 06/20/1989. The present invention is a shaft position sensor for detection of the position of a multiturn shaft. The rotation of the multiturn shaft is converted into a linear motion via a multiturn screw and a nonrotating nut. A magnet is mounted on the nonrotating nut. The linear movement of the magnet is converted into an electrical signal using one or more magneto resistive structures. A pair of flux plates is disposed on either side of the linear path of the magnet with at least one narrow gap opposite one end of the linear path of the magnet. A single magneto resistive structure is disposed in each such narrow gap. An electrical circuit measures the resistance of the one or more magneto resistive structures, this resistance varying with magnetic flux, and generates an electrical position signal which indicates the rotary position of the multiturn shaft. Linearity in response can be provided by a flux shunt which blocks magnetic flux directly from the magnet, control of the distance of the flux plates from the linear path of the magnet, or varying the magnetic permeability of the flux plates with position along the linear path, for example, by varying the thickness of the flux plates.

Uncooled oilless internal combustion engine having uniform gas squeeze film lubrication: Patent # 4,846,051 with 12 claims, issued 07/11/1989. An apparatus for providing a gas phase film lubrication between a reciprocal piston and a cylinder of an uncooled oilless internal combustion engine; the piston is effective to drive a rotary crankshaft in response to an expanding gas charge. The apparatus comprises: (a) means connecting the crankshaft to said piston for transferring reciprocal thrust into rotary thrust, such means aligning the piston concentrically within the cylinder wall to limit the imposition of side loads on said piston (i.e., less than 80 psi); (b) interfacing walls on the piston and cylinder (i) sized to provide a predetermined annular gap therebetween at ambient conditions that has a radial dimension in the range of 0.001.+-.0.0005 inches, (ii) consisting of matched materials that prevent closure of the gap due to thermal expansion under the maximum temperature differential to be experienced between the piston and cylinder wall, and (iii) are preshaped to anticipate any thermal growth of the interfacing walls for maintaining the annular gap substantially constant at elevated temperatures.

Process for plasticizing polyvinyl alcohol resin: Patent # 4,849,256 containing 21 claims, issued 07/18/1989. An improved method for the production of a plasticizer-containing dry flowable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) resin blend capable of thermoplastic processing. The method provides for the incorporation of plasticizers in intimate contact with the PVA resin without heating, cooling, or extended drying steps. Specifically, PVA resin granules having an appropriately small particle size distribution are spray-coated with a liquid plasticizer medium, and then mixed with a dry, fine powder coating medium to produce a flowable, dry plasticized PVA blend. Additional components, such as antioxidants, dyes, and antiblocking agents, may also be incorporated into the finished product.

Torque Sensor: Patent # 4,852,411 with 9 claims, issued 08/01/1989. A torque sensor for a cylindrical shaft subject to torque employs an electrically conductive loop on the shaft, which loop exhibits changing electrical impedance with changing stress and strain as the shaft is torqued. In another embodiment, a pair of loops exhibit oppositely changing electrical impedance as the shaft is torqued. In another embodiment, a magneto-elastic electrically conductive loop on the shaft exhibits changing magnetic permeability and changing electrical impedance with changing stress and strain as the shaft is torqued. In another embodiment, a pair of magneto-elastic electrically conductive loops on the shaft each have accordion-like corrugations and the loops exhibit oppositely changing magnetic permeabilities and oppositely changing electrical impedances with changing stress and strain as the shaft is torqued, wherein the corrugations of one loop stretch while the corrugations of the other loop contrast in response to one direction of shaft torque, and vice versa for the other direction of shaft torque. In another embodiment, magneto-elastic strips are placed on electrically conducting strips on the shaft. In another embodiment, magneto-elastic strips on the shaft are circumscribed by electrically conductive loops on the shaft.

Proximity Detector Employing Magneto Resistive Sensor in the Central Magnetic Field Null of a Torodial Magnet:
Patent # 4,857,841 with 14 claims, 08/15/1989. The present invention is a proximity sensor employing a magneto resistive structure. This proximity sensor includes a toroidal magnet having a central aperture, an inner circumference and an outer circumference. This toroidal magnet has a first magnetic pole at the inner circumference and a second magnetic pole at the outer circumference thereby creating a magnetic field null at a center portion of the central aperture. A magneto resistive structure is disposed at the magnetic field null in the central aperture of the toroidal magnetic. This magneto resistive structure has a resistance dependent upon magnetic flux. The proximity of a magnetically permeable target to the toroidal magnet shifts the position of the magnetic null, thereby causing a large change in the magnetic flux through the magneto resistive structure. An electrical detection circuit detects changes in this resistance for indication of the proximity of the magnetically permeable target.

Four Wheel Steering System : Patent # 4,860,845

Method and Apparatus for Activating Fuel Prior to Combustion: Patent # 4,865,003

Oilless internal combustion engine having gas phase lubrication: Patent # 4,872,432 with 17 claims, issued 10/10/1989. An oilless engine having a piston reciprocal within a cylinder and along an axis of such cylinder while providing an annular gap therebetween to receive combustion gases and a gas phase blow-by control system for such engine. The system comprises (a) an annular receptacle in at least one of said piston and cylinder; (b) an annular body of graphite carrying high temperature solid lubricant disposed in said annular receptacle, said body presenting a face projecting out of said receptacle; (c) an elastomer material retentive of elasticity at the maximum operating temperature to be experienced by said body, interposed between said body and receptacle to urge said body to close said gap under all operating conditions of said engine; and (d) axially directed grooves in said body face sized to substantially trap cylinders of combustion gases therein by viscosity under low pressure gradients and to limit the passage of a combustion gases through said grooves under high pressure gradients to one percent or less of the cylinder gas charge volume, the gas cylinders functioning as bearings to ride the piston during reciprocation.

Thickened peracid precursor compositions:Patent # 4,900,469 containing 18 claims, issued 02/13/1990. A thickened cleaning composition for laundry products incorporates low levels of a fluorescent whitening agent or dye, a surfactant, an acidic pH adjusting agent and an insoluble peracid precursor. At the acidic pH, the fluorescent whitening agent precipitates as a colloidal particle, and is stabilized by associating with the surfactant, resulting in thickening. The precursor is stably suspended in its inactive form in the thickener, and provides oxidizing power as the corresponding peracid is formed when added to an alkaline wash or rinse solution. The composition preferably is formulated with an acidic soluble bleach source and most preferably with a peroxygen bleach.

Package for controlling the stability of a liquid nonaqueous detergent: Patent # 4,919,834 containing 8 claims, issued 04/24/1990. The present invention provides a package for a phase stable, liquid nonaqueous detergent, comprising: a plastic, relatively thin-walled container, said container having an end wall and a circumscribing side wall which narrows to a finish, and a liquid detergent contained in said container, said detergent comprising: (a) 20-90% of a liquid portion which comprises an alkoxylated nonionic surfactant; (b) 5-50% of a solids portion which comprises: (i) a builder; (ii) 0-20% of the detergent of an oxidant; said solids being stably suspended in said liquid portion, by means of(c) a phase stabilizing amount of a lower alkylated fused ring polyarylene sulfonate; and (d) 0-5% of a hydrolytic enzyme; whereby the phase stability of said liquid detergent in storage in said container is controlled, by the selection of either: (1) said container being constructed of a homopolymeric resin, said container having a minimum average cross-sectional dimension r/2 of at least about 6.8 millimeters in order to minimize interaction with said plastic; (2) said container being constructed of a heteroatom-containing polymer; or (3) a combination thereof.

Viscous damper with molded dynamic seal: Patent # 4,936,433 with 3 claims, issued 06/26/1990. A clutch plate assembly for a vehicle driveline includes a spring damping mechanism disposed in parallel with a viscous shear damper mechanism for damping spring recoil. The spring damping mechanism includes a set of pairs of relatively high rate helical compression springs for transmitting torque and attenuating torsionals when a transmission input shaft is connected to a load and a set of relatively low rate helical compression springs connected in series with the high rate springs for attenuating torsionals when the shaft is not connected to a load. The viscous damper mechanism includes an annular housing having first and second radially extending sidewalls defining a compartment having a clutch assembly disposed therein for viscous clutching coaction via a viscous shear oil. An inner member of the clutch assembly includes a dynamic seal assembly molded integral therewith for sealing the inner extent of the compartment. The inner extent of the housing includes a plurality of fasteners structurally interconnecting the inner extent of the sidewalls to prevent relative axial movement of the sidewalls due to centrifugal effects. The housing sidewalls, and the clutch and seal assemblies are formed to facilitate a method for readily assembling and accurately filling the damper with viscous shear oil.

Viscous damper with means preventing sidewall deflection: Patent # 4,936,434 with 19 claims, issued 06/26/1990. A clutch plate assembly for a vehicle driveline includes a spring damping mechanism disposed in a parallel with a viscous shear damper mechanism for damping spring recoil. The spring damping mechanism includes a set of pairs of relatively high rate helical compression springs for transmitting torque and attenuating torsionals when a transmission input shaft is connected to a load and a set of relatively low rate helical compression springs connected in series with the high rate spring for attenuating torsionals when the shaft is not connected to a load. The viscous damper mechanism includes an annular housing having first and second radially extending sidewalls defining a compartment having a clutch assembly disposed therein for viscous clutching coaction via a viscous shear oil. An inner member of the clutch assembly includes a dynamic seal assembly molded integral therewith for sealing the inner extent of the compartment. The inner extent of the housing includes a plurality of fasteners structurally interconnecting the inner extent of the sidewalls to prevent relative axial movement of the sidewalls due to centrifugal effects. The housing sidewalls, and the clutch and seal assemblies are formed to facilitate a method for readily assembling and accurately filling the damper with viscous shear oil.

Method of making cutting tool for aluminum work pieces having enhanced crater wear resistance: Patent # 4,936,959 containing 6 claims, issued 06/26/1990. An iron-based cutting tool, useful for machining aluminum-based workpieces at surface speeds at or in excess of 1000 sfm, is fabricated by (i) removing surface impurities from the surface of the cutting tool which will be exposed to crater wear during such machining, the removal being by sputtering or ion bombardment using the surface as a target thereby resulting in a cleansed activated surface; and (ii) depositing a single-phase crystal film of sputtered silicon carbide onto the cleansed activated surface. The activation of the surface in step (i) is carried out by causing ionized argon to be accelerated against the surface maintained at about zero bias and the depositing of step (ii) is carried out to cause silicon carbide to be condensed onto the activated surface as a result of being dislodged from a silicon carbide target maintained at about zero bias for at least 300 minutes. The film of silicon carbide has a thickness in a range of about 1-4 microns, and the crystal orientation of such film is amorphous.

Bleaching with phenylene diester peracid precursors: Patent # 4,964,870 containing 22 claims, issued 10/23/1990. The invention provides novel peracid precursors representative of which is the structure: [Figure] wherein R¹ is alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R² is OH, --O--R³, or [Figure] and X¹, X², Y and Z are individually selected from H, SO₃^--, CO₂^--, NO₂, NR₄⁵+, halogen, R⁶ and mixtures thereof; wherein R³ of --O--R³ is alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R⁴ of [Figure] is alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R⁵ of NR₄⁵+ is selected from H, alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof; and R⁶ is alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms. In one embodiment of the invention, the novel peracid precursors are combined with a source of hydrogen peroxide and sufficient quantities of buffer to impact an alkaline pH when the composition is placed in aqueous solution. Preferred embodiments of the invention include wherein R² is hydroxy, and R¹ is alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms (monoester); and wherein R² is [Figure] and R¹ and R⁴ are alkyls of 1 to 20 carbon atoms (diester) and may be either symmetrical (i.e., R¹ =R⁴) or mixed (i.e., R¹ .noteq.R⁴). The mixed diester embodiment appears to provide benefits of mixed hydrophobic/hydrophilic peracid generation to oxidize both hydrophobic and hydrophilic soils. Various detergent adjuncts known to those skilled in the art may be added, such as surfactants, builders, fragrances, antimicrobial compounds and the like.

Rinse soluble polymer film composition for wash additives: Patent # 4,972,017 containing 14 claims, issued 11/20/1990. A polymeric film material for the rinse release of wash additives comprises a blend of polyvinyl alcohol and an alkyl cellulose. A metalloid oxide cross-linking agent is present in an amount sufficient to sharply reduce the solubility rate of the film blend in an alkaline wash, yet allow dissolution in a less alkaline rinse. Optionally, a hydrophobic cationic species is included to further reduce the dissolution rate in the wash pH. The films remain intact during normal wash cycles and over a range of typical water temperatures, then rapidly dissolve in the rinse. The film can be used to microencapsulate an additive, or made into a water-soluble pouch, or as a soluble seal for a pouch or container.

Process for preparing phenyl esters of substituted acids: Patent # 4,985,180 containing 11 claims, issued 01/15/1991. Phenyl esters of substituted acids are prepared by a two-step process, in which a phenol derivative is first treated with an acid halide to yield a phenyl ester intermediate and the intermediate is reacted with an appropriate nucleophile.

Torsional vibration damping mechanism: Patent # 4,987,987 with 5 claims, issued 01/29/1991. A torsional vibration damping mechanism is disclosed in a clutch plate assembly for a vehicle driveline. In a schematically illustrated form the mechanism includes a relative high rate or stiff spring set for transmitting torque and alternating torsionals when a transmission input shaft is connected to a load, relatively lower or less stiff spring set connected in series with spring set and for attenuating torsionals when the shaft is not connected to a load, and a viscous damper disposed in parallel with both spring sets and operative to dampen recoil of both spring sets. In one detailed embodiment of the mechanism the stiff spring sets includes a pair of nested, spiral wound springs. In another embodiment of the mechanism the stiff spring set includes helical compression springs.

Oxidant detergent containing stable bleach activator granules: Patent # 5,002,691 containing 20 claims, issued 03/26/1991. The present invention provides stable bleach activator granules comprising: a) a peroxygen bleach activator having the structure: wherein R is C_1-20 branched or straight chain alkyl, alkoxylated alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, substituted aryl, alkylaryl; R' and R" are independently H, C_1-4 alkyl, aryl; and L is a leaving group; b) a pliable binding material selected from materials having a melting completion temperature of greater than about 40° C.; and, optionally, c) a filler material. These bleach activator granules are combined with a detergent base, which contains an oxidant bleach to provide an activated oxidant detergent composition.

Stable liquid detergent containing insoluble oxidant: Patent # 5,019,289 containing 20 claims, issued 05/28/1991. The invention provides a phase stable liquid detergent composition containing at least one insoluble oxidant, comprising: (a) a liquid phase which comprises: (i) an effective amount of at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of anionic, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric, zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof; (ii) a liquid carrier therefor, comprising water soluble or dispersible organic solvents, water, or a mixture thereof; (b) an effective amount of a water insoluble oxidant stably suspended in said liquid phase, which maintains oxidative stability, said water insoluble oxidant being an alkaline earth metal peroxide or a Group IIB peroxide; and (c) a stabilizer which is either a source of common ions or by buffering to a pH of greater than 8.

Electrostatic Discharge Protection Device for Gallium Arsenide Integrated Circuits: Patent # 5,023,672 with 16 claims, issued 06/11/1991. A mechanism for effectively preventing damage to a GaAs-resident semiconductor device directs electrostatic charge buildup to a neutralizing source of reference potential by means of a parasitic bypass Schottky circuit that is effectively invisible to normal input signals, but which otherwise provides a current sink discharge path for the unwanted electrostatic charge. The mechanism employs one or more parasitic Schottky diodes formed as a result of the deposition of input/power supply metal on the surface of a semi-insulating GaAs substrate, coupled in series with low resisitivity regions between the input metal and respective power supply terminals.

Zeolite agglomeration process and product: Patent # 5,024,782 containing 7 claims, issued 06/18/1991. The present invention relates to a zeolite agglomeration process and product. Zeolite particles are blended with a filler and preferably a surfactant and then agglomerated in a rotary agglomerator with a zeolite binder to form an agglomerate with about 5-70 parts by wgt. zeolite and, after drying, excellent mechanical strength and flowability with good solubilization/dispersion in aqueous solution. The zeolite agglomerate is preferably combined into a granular detergent in a second agglomeration step where the zeolite agglomerate is combined with other detergent components and sprayed with a detergent binder, the granular detergent being characterized by uniform density and particle size with minimum segregation and dusting. Both the zeolite agglomeration and detergent agglomeration steps are characterized by energy efficiency.

Methods for Sensing Temperature, Pressure, and Liquid Level and Variable Ratio Fiber Optic Coupler Sensors therefor: Patent #  5,026,984 with 14 claims, issued 06/25/1991. Temperature, pressure and liquid level parameters are sensed by the variable ratio fiber optic coupler sensor wherein the optical coupling ratio varies in accordance with stress applied to the coupler encapsulant resulting from application of the parameter being sensed. Such use of the coupler sensor is particularly advantageous in fuel tanks, which are subject to spark hazard. Vertical arrays of such sensors are utilized to determine levels of liquids in such fuel tanks. Various sensor configurations are disclosed.

Adapter Providing Unitary Mounting Capability for Standard Circuit Breaker: Patent # 5,047,604 with 17 claims, issued 09/10/1991. An adapter converting a standard plug-on, bolt-in power distribution panelboard type circuit breaker for use in industrial control applications comprises a molded insulating base having a rail engaged by a hook of the circuit breaker and a conductor having a first terminal compatible with the circuit breaker terminal and a second terminal comprising a wiring connector. The adapter is mountable to a panel or within an enclosure, flat against a panel or on a DIN rail or is attached to the breaker when the latter is front-mounted to a door or panel. A snap-on catch for mounting plate and DIN rail mounting is deflectable by an attached breaker to pinch the grip of the catch on the plate or DIN rail to prevent lateral movement, and by a screwdriver or the like from the front to release the base from the plate or rail. The plate accommodates plural bases in ganged relation to provide multiple capability mountable as a unit.

Phenoxyacetate peracid precursors and perhydrolysis systems therewith: Patent # 5,049,305 containing 12 claims, issued 09/17/91. A perhydrolysis system is provided which includes peroxyacid precursors and a source of peroxygen. Upon dissolution in water these compositions provide high yields of a novel peroxyacid having the structure where R is hydrogen or an alkyl of not more than 5 carbon atoms. The precursors may include hydroxyl nitrogen derivatives as leaving groups, since the .alpha.-substituted phenoxy moiety enhances carbonyl reactivity toward perhydroxyl anion.

Partially fluorinated alkanes having a tertiary structure: Patent # 5,059,728

Fuel level responsive vapor vent valve: Patent # 5,062,444 with 4 claims, issued 11/05/1991. A vapor vent valve for venting air and fuel vapor from vehicle fuel tanks comprises a hollow valve body having radial flow ports formed therein, and an axially slidable shutter movable between a valve open position remote from the radial flow ports and a valve closed position covering the radial flow ports. An axially slidable float mounted on the valve body adjacent the shutter lowers and raises the shutter between the valve open and closed positions in response to changes in the tank fuel level. The axial shutter and float structure is unaffected by the radial outflow of air and fuel vapor through the ports.

Bit for drilling cast iron: Patent # 5,065,647 containing 7 claims, issued 11/19/1991.Method of making and tool bit construction; the bit has a diametrical blade implant of a two-phase material: a main phase of cemented carbine with diffusion bonded cubic boron nitride insert phases placed at high stress corners of such blade, limited strictly to the radial cutting zone of the bit without penetrating the centering zone.

Fluid controller with load sensing priority flow control capability: Patent # 5,065,793

Process for preparing benzenesulfonate salts: Patent # 5,069,828 containing 9 claims, issued 12/03/1991. An improved process for preparing benzenesulfonate salts, such as 4-nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt, from an appropriately substituted acid chloride or chloroformate and a hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid in which the reaction is conducted in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst selected from quaternary ammonium and quaternary phosphonium salts.

ABS Pressure Reapply Logic:Patent # 5,071,200

Open top defluxer with improved solvent vapor recovery: Patent # 5,075,982

Driveline isolator with hydraulic damper and spiral springs: Patent # 5,078,648 with 22 claims, issued 01/07/1992. Torsion damping isolator assemblies are disposed for damping torsionals in a vehicle driveline. The assemblies include spiral springs and a vane damper assembly disposed in parallel and immersed in automatic transmission fluid of a torque converter housing. The damper assemblies include first and second relatively rotatable housing members. The housing first members are connected to radially inner ends of the springs, and the second members are connected to radially outer ends of the springs. The housing members define chambers which vary inversely in volume in response to flexing of the spring assemblies by driveline torsionals. The chambers communicate with the fluid in the torque converter housing via restricted passages. As the chambers vary in volume, energy from the torsionals is converted to fluid pressure in the chambers decreasing in volume. Assemblies include lugs drivingly connecting the second member to the torque housing. The lugs define valving members which close or partially close the passages associated with the chamber decreasing in volume. Assembly includes improved mounting of the spring outer ends and improved mounting of the spring inner ends. Damper assembly includes independent pistons circumferentially held in position by drive lugs which also function as valving members in a manner analogous to lugs.

Hydraulic coupling for torsion isolator: Patent # 5,078,649 with 12 claims, issued 01/07/1992.  Torsion damping isolator assemblies are disposed for damping torsionals in a vehicle driveline. The assemblies include spiral springs and a vane damper ,assembly disposed in parallel and immersed in automatic transmission fluid of a torque converter housing. Damper assemblies include first and second relatively rotatable housing members. Housing members are connected to radially inner ends of the springs, and members are connected to radially outer ends of the springs. The housing members define chambers which vary inversely in volume in response to flexing of the spring assemblies by driveline torsionals. The chambers communication with the fluid in the torque converter housing via restricted passages. As the chambers vary in volume, energy from the torsionals is converted to fluid pressure in the chambers decreasing in volume. Assemblies include lugs drivingly connecting the second member to the torque housing. The lugs define valving members which close or partially close the passages associated with the chamber decreasing in volume. Assembly includes improved mounting of the spring outer ends and improved mounting of the spring inner ends. Damper assembly includes independent pistons circumferentially held in position by drive lugs which also function as valving members in a manner analogous to lugs.

Vane damper assembly for a torque converter: Patent # 5,085,617 with 5 claims, issued 02/04/1992. An assembly for damping torsionals in a vehicle driveline. Assembly includes a spring assembly and a vane damper assembly disposed in parallel and immersed in automatic transmission fluid of a torque converter housing. The spring assembly isolates driveline torsionals and the damper assembly dissipates the torsionals. The damper assembly includes first and second relatively rotatable housing members respectively connected to the spring assembly output and input. Members are also frictionally interconnected by surfaces. Housing members define chambers which vary inversely in volume in response to flexing of the spring assembly by the driveline torsionals. The chambers are in communication with the fluid in the torque converter housing via restricted passages. As the chambers vary in volume, energy from the torsionals is converted to fluid pressure in the chambers decreasing in volume. The pressure increases the engagement force of the friction surfaces. Lugs drivingly connecting the second member to the torque housing include valving members which close or partially close the passages associated with the chamber decreasing in volume.

Integrally Formed and Tuned Fuel Rail/Injectors: Patent # 5,086,743 with 10 claims, issued 02/11/1992. A plastic molded fuel rail includes a plurality of core fuel injector assemblies molded within the fuel rail. Each core fuel injector assembly includes a magnetic core, electrical coil bobbin having electrical contacts extending therefrom, and axial fuel passageway. The magnetic core, coil bobbin assembly, and electrical contacts are hermetically sealed from the fuel passageways. An armature and sleeve including a needle and seat valve are inserted into the core fuel injector assemblies to provide fuel injectors. Trimming resistors are appropriately selected connected in series between each fuel injector and a corresponding electronic driver to achieve substantially uniform fuel flow through each fuel injector of the fuel rail.

Acyloxynitrogen peracid precursors: Patent # 5,087,385 containing 10 claims, issued 02/11/1992. The invention provides novel bleaching compositions comprising peracid precursors having oxynitrogen leaving groups. Peracid precursors containing these leaving groups provide new, proficient and cost-effective compounds for fabric bleaching. These compounds have the general structures: wherein R is a straight or branched chain C_1-20 alkyl, alkoxyl, cycloalkyl and mixtures thereof; R¹ contains at least one carbon atom which is singly bonded directly to N; n is an integer from 1 to 6 and X is methylene or a heteroatom; or wherein n is the same as in (I); but R² contains a carbon atom doubly bonded directly to N, and, either X is a heteroatom or nothing, R is C_4-17 alkyl or both

Partially fluorinated alkenes having a tertiary structure: Patent # 5,087,777

Stable peracid bleaching compositions: organic peracid, magnesium sulfate and controlled amounts of water: Patent # 5,089,167 containing 23 claims, issued 02/18/1992.In one embodiment, the invention provides a stable peracid bleach composition comprising discrete granules which comprise peracid, namely, diperoxydodecanedioic acid. In another preferred embodiment, enzymes are present in the composition separate from the discrete peracid granules. In both the enzyme-containing and non-enzyme containing compositions, peracid and exotherm control agents are combined in a discrete granule in which the amount of water is carefully controlled to result in, respectively, maximum peracid and enzyme stability. Standard bleaching composition adjuncts such as fillers, brighteners, pH control agents and the like may be included in the compositions apart from the discrete peracid granules.

Method for synthesizing acyloxycarboxylic acids: Patent # 5,091,560 containing 13 claims, issued 02/25/1992. A method for synthesizing an acyloxycarboxylic acid by providing a reaction chamber, establishing sources of an alpha.-hydroxycarboxylic acid and an acid chloride, and repeatedly contacting substantially equal molar amounts of the .alpha.-hydroxycarboxylic acid and the acid chloride within the reaction chamber. The acyloxycarboxylic acid so synthesized is useful as a starting material for conversion to various esters which, when placed in aqueous solution with a source of hydrogen peroxide, result in a peracid and are useful for bleaching applications.

Encapsulated enzyme in dry bleach composition:Patent # 5,093,021 containing 14 claims, issued 03/03/1992. Methods and compositions for increased stability of enzymes in oxidant dry bleach. Enzyme stability is adversely affected by increased temperature, humidity, and the presence of strong oxidants, such as peracids. The instant invention provides enzyme stability in the presence of oxidant bleaches by coating or encapsulating the enzyme, while providing enzyme solubility suitable for use in bleach mixtures upon introduction to an aqueous medium. Particularly, alkali and neutral materials act as protection agents, which neutralize oxidant species before the contact and denature the enzyme. Other standard bleaching composition adjuncts such as builders, fillers, buffers, brighteners, fragrances, and the like may be included in the enzyme-containing oxidant bleach composition in addition to the discrete coated enzyme granules.

Gas separation by adsorbent membranes:Patent # 5,104,425 containing 19 claims, issued 04/14/1992. Composite semipermeable membranes comprising porous adsorptive material supported by a porous substrate are disclosed for use in a process for the separation of multicomponent gas mixtures. In the process, one or more primary components adsorb within the pores of the adsorptive material and diffuse by surface flow through the membrane to yield a permeate stream enriched in one or more of the primary components. Methods for making the composite membranes are described.

Azeotrope-like compositions of dichlorpentafluoropropane 2-propanol and a hydrocarbon containing six carbon atoms: Patent # 5,104,565

Azeotrope-like compositions of dichlorpentafluoropropane, methanol and a hydrocarbon containing six carbon atoms Patent # 5,106,526

Trailer Brake Control: Patent # 5,108,158

Oxidant detergent containing stable bleach activator granules: Patent # 5,112,514 containing 9 claims, issued 05/12/1992. The present invention provides stable bleach activator granules comprising: a) a peroxygen bleach activator having the structure: wherein R is C_1-20 branched or straight chain alkyl, alkoxylated alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, substituted aryl, alkylaryl; R' and R" are independently H, C_1-4 alkyl, aryl; and L is a leaving group; b) a pliable binding material selected from materials having a melting completion temperature of greater than about 40° C.; and, optionally, c) a filler material. These bleach activator granules are combined with a detergent base, which contains an oxidant bleach to provide an activated oxidant detergent composition.

Actuation responsive brake pedal pad assembly Patent # 5,115,162 with 10 claims, issued 05/19/1992. A pressure sensitive pad assembly for a brake pedal having in one embodiment a pair of plastic films with metallized surfaces spaced apart by apertured spaces and embedded in an elastomeric pad to be placed on a brake pedal. Application of a brakeactuating force on the pad causes the elastomer to deform closing contact between the metallized surfaces for actuating a brake light. In another embodiment a pressure sensitive transducer pad assembly has embedded in elastomeric material, a plurality of piezoelectric strips which are deformed, upon application of a brake actuating force to the pad, for providing an electrical signal indicative of the magnitude of the brake actuating force. In another embodiment an elastomeric pad spans a shallow recess in a support with piezoelectric material provided on the spanning surface and deformation of the pad into the recess deforms the piezoelectric material to provide a brake actuating force signal.

Fluid controller and logic control system for use therewith: Patent # 5,115,640

Azeotrope-like compositions of dichlorpentafluoropropane and 1,2-dichloroethylene: Patent # 5,116,526

Method of cleaning using partially fluorinated alkenes having a tertiary structure as solvent: Patent # 5,118,360

Azeotrope-like compositions of dichlorpentafluoropropane, ethanol and a hydrocarbon containing six carbon atoms: Patent # 5,118,437

Azeotrope-like compositions of dichlorpentafluoropropane and a hydrocarbon holding  six carbon atoms: Patent # 5,118,438

Cyanocobaltate oxygen adducts: Patent # 5,126,466 containing 11 claims, issued 06/30/1992. A process is provided for selectively separating oxygen from an oxygen-containing fluid stream by bringing said fluid stream into contact with a high capacity solid state cyanocobaltate complex in a non-aluminosilicate environment represented by the chemical formula: A_X/Z^Z+ [Co(CN)_n ]^X- .cndot.pS where: A is an alkali, alkaline earth, transition, or Group 12 metal atom; Z is 1, 2 or 3; n is any number from 3 to 5; X is n-2; p is any number from greater than zero to 6; and S is a ligand which is capable of coordinating with A^Z+, Co or both. These complexes chemically bind oxygen to form novel oxygen adducts, thereby selectively removing oxygen from the fluid stream. The bound oxygen may be recovered by increasing the temperature or by reducing the partial pressure of O₂ above the adduct.

Delayed onset active oxygen bleach composition: Patent # 5,130,044 containing 11 claims, issued 07/14/1992. Peroxygen bleach compositions which can be used together with oxygen-sensitive wash aids are disclosed. Combination products comprising these bleach compositions together with the oxygen sensitive wash aids are disclosed as well as are methods of laundering employing them. The bleach compositions include a peroxygen source, a surface active or hydrotropic bleach activator or catalyst therefor and a quaternary ammonium salt. As compared to equivalent compositions not containing the quaternary ammonium salt, these bleach compositions are characterized by a delayed onset of active oxygen production when they are added to wash solutions. When these bleach compositions are used in combination with oxygen-sensitive wash aids, the sensitive wash aids have an initial period when they can act before the active oxygen level rises to a level that it interferes with their action. The bleach compositions of this invention which contain the added quaternary ammonium salt are also characterized by achieving higher ultimate levels of active oxygen than do equivalent compositions which do not contain the ammonium salt.

Delayed onset active oxygen bleach composition: Patent # 5,130,045 containing 6 claims, issued 07/14/1992. Peroxygen bleach compositions which can be used together with oxygen-sensitive wash aids are disclosed. Combination products comprising these bleach compositions together with the oxygen sensitive wash aids are disclosed as well as are methods of laundering employing them. The bleach compositions include a peroxygen source, a surface active or hydrotropic bleach activator or catalyst therefor and a quaternary ammonium salt. As compared to equivalent compositions not containing the quaternary ammonium salt, these bleach compositions are characterized by a delayed onset of active oxygen production when they are added to wash solutions. When these bleach compositions are used in combination with oxygen-sensitive wash aids, the sensitive wash aids have an initial period when they can act before the active oxygen level rises to a level that it interferes with their action. The bleach compositions of this invention which contain the added quaternary ammonium salt are also characterized by achieving higher ultimate levels of active oxygen than do equivalent compositions which do not contain the ammonium salt.

Rear Wheel Steering Arrangement: Patent # 5,137,291

Molded Fuel Injector and Method for Producing: Patent # 5,150,842 with 9 claims, issued 09/29/1992. A fuel injector having major components formed by an injection molding process. A coil bobbin assembly is positioned within a magnetic permeable core. An injection molding process provides a plastic housing with the magnetic core and coil bobbin assembly hermetically sealed therein. The molding process also provides a fuel passageway through, and hermetically sealed from, the magnetic core an coil bobbin assembly.

Process for preparing benzenesulfonate salts:Patent # 5,153,341 containing 8 claims, issued 10/06/1992. An improved process for preparing alkanoyloxyacetyloxybenzenesulfonate salts in which phenyl esters of alkanoyloxyacetic acids (alkanoyloxyacetyloxybenzenes) are sulfonated to yield novel alkanoyloxyacetyloxybenzenesulfonic acids which on neutralization, yield the corresponding alkanoyloxyacetyloxybenzenesulfonate salts.

Encapsulated enzyme in dry bleach composition: Patent # 5,167,854 containing 8 claims, issued 12/01/1992. The invention relates to a bleaching composition containing an oxidant bleach and enzyme granules, in which enzyme stability is prolonged without undue loss of solubility despite intimate contact of said enzyme granules and said oxidant bleach, comprising: an oxidant bleach, selected from the group consisting of alkali-metal peroborates, alkali metal percarbonates, hydrogen peroxide adducts, and mixtures thereof and hydrolase enzyme granules comprising a hydrolase enzyme core and a water soluble alkali metal silicate coating substantially encapsulating said core, said coating including at least one protective agent, said agent being selected from the group consisting of transition metals; reducing agents; and mixtures thereof. Sodium percarbonate is a preferred oxidant, while transition metals combined with a sodium silicate coating provide enhanced storage stability to the enzymes thereby coated.

Vehicular Traction Control System: Patent # 5,205,622

Stable peracid and enzyme bleaching composition: Patent # 5,211,874 containing 17 claims, issued 05/18/1993. In one embodiment, the invention provides a stable peracid bleach composition comprising discrete granules, which comprise peracid, namely, diperoxydodecanedioic acid. In another preferred embodiment, enzymes are present in the composition separate from the discrete peracid granules. In both the enzyme-containing and non-enzyme containing compositions, peracid and exotherm control agents are combined in a discrete granule in which the amount of water is carefully controlled to result in, respectively, maximum peracid and enzyme stability. Standard bleaching composition adjuncts such as fillers, brighteners, pH control agents and the like may be included in the compositions apart from the discrete peracid granules.

Hydrolase surfactant systems and their use in laundering: Patent # 5,223,169 containing 50 claims, issued 06/29/1993. The inactivation in a laundry solution of a hydrolase enzyme by surfactant is prevented by the presence in the laundry solution of an amount of a non-charged enzyme activating means selected from oily hydrocarbons, hydrolyzable fatty acid ester substrates for the enzyme, e.g., triglycerides, essentially lipophilic organic compounds which are not substrates for the enzyme and which bear a polar substituent, and non-ionic surfactants which lower the oil to enzyme critical minimum molar ratio required to activate the enzyme.

Encapsulated enzyme in dry bleach composition: Patent # 5,225,102 containing 6 claim, issued 07/06/1993. Methods and compositions for increased stability of enzymes in oxidant dry bleach. Enzyme stability is adversely affected by increased temperature, humidity, and the presence of strong oxidants, such as peracids. The instant invention provides enzyme stability in the presence of oxidant bleaches by coating or encapsulating the enzyme, while providing enzyme solubility suitable for use in bleach mixtures upon introduction to an aqueous medium. Particularly, alkali and neutral materials act as protection agents, which neutralize oxidant species before they contact and denature the enzyme. Other standard bleaching composition adjuncts such as builders, fillers, buffers, brighteners, fragrances, and the like may be included in the enzyme-containing oxidant bleach composition in addition to the discrete coated enzyme granules.

Mounting for rotating spiral spring: Patent # 5,226,514 with 6 claims, issued 07/13/1993. A torsion isolator assembly for reducing driveline torsionals includes a vane damper including improved valving for increasing the damping factor of the damper, improved spiral springs for reducing spring stress primarily due to centrifugal forces, and cam surfaces for further reducing spring stress due to centrifugal forces.

Composite spring with improved ends: Patent # 5,234,377 with 6 claims, issued 08/10/1993. A torsional vibration damping mechanism in a free standing clutch plate for a vehicle driveline. The mechanism includes composite C-shaped springs for attenuating driveline torsionals and transmitting driveline torque, and a viscous damper for controlling the rate of flexing of the springs. The mechanism also includes input and output drives for flexing the springs only radially inward. The C-shaped composite springs are formed by removing a center portion of a minor arc of a closed ring comprising a plurality of layers of reinforcing filaments, or by cutting a composite cylinder into closed rings and removing the center portion. The composite springs include expanded end portions to facilitate attachment of end brackets to the springs without need of fasteners penetrating the composite.

Valve Lifter: Patent #  5,239,951 with 18 claims, issued 08/31/1993. A pressure sensitive pad assembly for a brake pedal having in one embodiment a pair of plastic films with metallized surfaces spaced apart by apertured spaces and embedded in an elastomeric pad to be placed on a brake pedal. Application of a brakeactuating force on the pad causes the elastomer to deform closing contact between the metallized surfaces for actuating a brake light. In another embodiment a pressure sensitive transducer pad assembly has embedded in elastomeric material, a plurality of piezoelectric strips which are deformed, upon application of a brake actuating force to the pad, for providing an electrical signal indicative of the magnitude of the brake actuating force. In another embodiment an elastomeric pad spans a shallow recess in a support with piezoelectric material provided on the spanning surface and deformation of the pad into the recess deforms the piezoelectric material to provide a brake actuating force signal.

Method and apparatus for in-situ measuring filament temperature and the thickness of a diamond film: Patent # 5,240,736 containing 21 claims, issued 08/31/1993. Provided is a method and apparatus for in-situ measuring filament temperature and the thickness of a film deposited on a substrate disposed within a hot-filament chemical vapor deposition reactor. In accordance with the invention, white light which is emitted directly from the filament and that reflects from the top and bottom surfaces of a deposited film are collected and converted to monochromatic light through the use of simple narrow-banned interference filters operative over specific, yet different, optical banned widths. This information is thereafter used to mathematically calculate the filament temperature, film thickness and growth rate of the deposited film.

Radio frequency linear position sensor using two subsequent harmonics: Patent # 5,241,278

Depositing metal onto a surface: Patent # 5,245,153 with 16 claims, issued 09/14/1993. In order to deposit metal onto a surface such as a cylindrical surface, an arc spraying method is used with a consumable electrode (16), a non-consumable electrode (18) and a jet of atomising gas (22) blown through the arc (20) in a radial direction to propel the molten metal of the consumable electrode from the acr to the cylinder wall (12). The non-consumable electrode and the atomising gas jet both rotate about the cylinder axis so that the entire surface can be covered. The supply for the consumable electrode will normally come from a reel which can be stationary such that the consumable electrode does not rotate about its own axis.

Encapsulated enzyme in dry bleach composition: Patent # 5,254,287 containing 7 claims, issued 10/19/1993. The invention relates to a bleaching composition containing an oxidant bleach and enzyme granules, in which enzyme stability is prolonged without undue loss of solubility despite intimate contact of said enzyme granules with said oxidant bleach. In the invention, an oxidant is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal perborates, alkali metal percarbonates, hydrogen peroxide adducts, and mixtures thereof, and combined with an enzyme which is coated substantially completely by a water soluble polymer, in which an additive selected from the group consisting of reducing agents, a transition metal, and mixtures thereof is incorporated to enhance enzyme stability.

Partially fluorinated alkanols having a tertiary structure: Patent # 5,254,755

Rotary Solenoid Utilizing Concurrently Energized AS and DC Coils: Patent # 5,280,260 with 7 claims, issued 01/18/1994. A rotary solenoid having at least one AC coil and at least one DC coil where the AC coil and the DC coil are concurrently energized by an AC electrical source and a DC electrical source, respectively for enhanced actuation torque and low noise with decreased temperature rise and package size.

Vehicle Wheel Speed Sensor Employing a Locating Plate:Patent # 5,281,911

Traction Control System Valve: Patent # 5,342,119

Sensor Malfunction Detection: Patent # 5,343,396

Preparation of titanium nitride-containing refractory material composites: Patent # 5,350,719 containing 14 claims, issued 09/27/1994. A titanium tetrahalide is reacted with a disilazane to prepare a titanium containing organometallic precursor, which is thereafter mixed with a refractory material powder and pyrolyzed to form a titanium nitride-containing refractory material composite containing crystalline titanium nitride.

Electrical Contactor and Interrupter Employing a Rotary Disc: Patent # 5,351,024 with 14 claims, issued 09/27/1994.  An electrical power switching device employing a rotary disc driven by an actuation means whose position is selected by a control means where disc contacts engage and disengage stationary contacts where the stationary contacts are deflected away from the disc contacts by separation ramps thereby opening the current path and an arc plate is used on the disc to control arc energy. A pair of interrupter contacts are placed in series with the rotary disc contacts where abnormally high currents cause the interrupter contacts to separate and open the current path where slot motors and/or arc plates are used to dissipate the damaging electrical arcs as the contacts make and break.

Azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoropentane, C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkanol and optionally nitromethane: Patent # 5,352,375

Hydrogen recovery by adsorbent membranes: Patent # 5,354,547 containing 14 claims, issued 10/11/1994.A composite semipermeable membrane comprising microporous adsorbent material supported by a porous substrate is operated in series with a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system and the PSA reject gas is used as a sweep gas to improve membrane performance. The integrated membrane-PSA system is particularly useful for recovering high-purity hydrogen from a mixture of hydrogen and hydrocarbons, and is well-suited for integration with a steam-methane reformer.

Method of making an anti-friction coating on metal by plasma spraying powder having a solid lubricant core and fusable metal shell:Patent # 5,358,753 with 13 claims, issued 07/26/1994. A method of making an anti-friction coating on a metal surface subject to sliding wear, including the steps of: forming an encapsulated powder having grains made of a core of solid lubricants including at least graphite and MoS.sub.2 (others may include BN, NaF, LiF, CaF.sub.2, and WS.sub.2), and a thin shell of fusable soft metal such as Ni, Co, Fe, Zn, Sn, Mg, or Cu; plasma spraying the powder onto a light metal surface, such as a cylinder bore wall of an internal combustion engine, to form a coating; and finish-smoothing the coating to a uniform thickness of about 25-175 microns. Some core particles may be hard, wear-resistant particles such as SiC, NiCrAl, FeMn, FeCrAl, FeWNiVCr, NiCrMoVW, FeCrMoWV, CoFeNiCrMoWV, NiCrMoV, and CoMoCrVW.

Valving for vane damper: Patent #5,360,090 with 9 claims, issued 11/01/1994. A torsion isolator assembly for reducing driveline torsionals includes a vane damper including improved valving for increasing the damping factor of the damper, improved spiral springs for reducing spring stress primarily due to centrifugal forces, and cam surfaces for further reducing spring stress due to centrifugal forces.

Low-temperature-effective detergent compositions and delivery systems therefore:Patent #5,362,413containing18 claims, issued 11/08/1994. The invention provides novel low temperature detergent mull compositions comprising: A detergent composition which comprises (a) solid builder, (b) liquid surfactant and, optionally, (c) one or more adjuncts, in the form of a low-temperature wash water dispersible, phase stable mull whose solid phase consists essentially of particulate solid builder having an average particle size greater than 10 microns and whose liquid phase consists essentially of at least one non-ionic surfactant, wherein said liquid phase has a pour point of less than 75° F., thereby rendering said mull readily dispersible in cold wash water, and wherein said mull is rendered phase stable by the presence thereby of (i) a weight percent amount of said particulate builder which exceeds the weight percent of said liquid nonionic surfactant, or (ii) 0.1% to 5% by weight of the mull of added water, or (iii) both.

Spheroidal aggregate of platy synthetic hydrotalcite: Patent # 5,364,828

Acyloxynitrogen peracid precursors: Patent # 5,380,457 containing 6 claims, issued 01/10/1995. The invention provides novel bleaching compositions comprising peracid precursors having oxynitrogen leaving groups. Peracid precursors containing these leaving groups provide new, proficient and cost-effective compounds for fabric bleaching. These compounds have the general structures: wherein R is a straight or branched chain C_1-20 alkyl, alkoxyl, cycloalkyl and mixtures thereof; R¹ contains at least one carbon atom which is singly bonded directly to N; n is an integer from 1 to 6 and X is methylene or a heteroatom; or wherein n is the same as in (I); but R²contains a carbon atom doubly bonded directly to N, and, either X is a heteroatom or nothing R is C_4-17 alkyl or both.

Non-contact method of obtaining dimensional information about an objecta:Patent # 5,384,717

Polyglycolate peracid precursors: Patent #5,391,812 containing 13 claims, issued 02/21/1995. Polyglycolate compounds are provided having the general structure wherei:n n is an integer from 2 to about 10; R is C_1-20 linear or branched alkyl, alkoxylated alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, substituted aryl; R' and R" are independently H, C_1-20 alkyl, aryl, C_1-20 alkylaryl, substituted aryl, and NR₃.alpha.+, wherein R.alpha. is C_1-30 alkyl; and L is a leaving group displaceable in a peroxygen bleaching solution by perhydroxide anion. When this compound is combined with a source of peroxygen in aqueous solution, then a plurality of stain removing peracids are formed. Such peracids are formed substantially sequentially beginning with the carbonyl adjacent to the leaving group L. Thus, a first stain removing peracid having the structure will be formed in amounts approaching quantitative yield.

Antiblow-by piston and seal construction for high temperature applications:Patent # 5,392,692 with 12 claims, issued 02/28/1995. A piston and ring assembly operative within a cylindrical bore wall to retain fluid to one side of the assembly, comprising a piston having at least one annular stepped groove in the side wall of the piston, the groove being stepped into uppermost and lowermost spaces with the uppermost space having the greatest depth; at least two split compression rings in the groove, effective to each substantially annularly engage the bore wall, the rings having mating surfaces superimposed one upon another and having their split ends out of superimposed alignment, and a solid lubricant that coats essentially all of the groove and constitutes the non-mating surfaces of the superimposed rings. Pressure of the retained fluid forces the rings together to act in unison and seal jointly against both the step and a side of the groove opposite the retained fluid. The solid film lubricant assists in eliminating freezing of the rings against the groove sides, increasing ring fatigue life, enhancing ring tension and reducing engine emissions.

Method and Apparatus Wheel Steering Control Utilizing Tire Characteristics:Patent # 5,402,341

Apparatus for silicon nitride precursor solids recovery: Patent #5,403,563containing 11 claims, issued 04/04/1995. Method and apparatus are provided for collecting reaction product solids entrained in a gaseous outflow from a reaction situs, wherein the gaseous outflow includes a condensable vapor. A condensate is formed of the condensable vapor on static mixer surfaces within a static mixer heat exchanger. The entrained reaction product solids are captured in the condensate which can be collected for further processing, such as return to the reaction situs. In production of silicon imide, optionally integrated into a production process for making silicon nitride caramic, wherein reactant feed gas comprising silicon halide and substantially inert carrier gas is reacted with liquid ammonia in a reaction vessel, silicon imide reaction product solids entrained in a gaseous outflow comprising residual carrier gas and vaporized ammonia can be captured by forming a condensate of the ammonia vapor on static mixer surfaces of a static mixer heat exchanger.

Preparation of crystallographically aligned films of silicon carbide by laser deposition of carbon onto silicon:Patent # 5,406,906 containing 10 claims, issued 04/18/1995. A crystalline silicon carbide film is grown on a heated crystalline silicon substrate by laser ablation of a pure carbon target. For substrate temperatures during deposition above 1000° C. and single crystal silicon substrates the resulting SiC film is expitaxially oriented with respect to the substrate. Films of stoichiometric SiC are grown up to thicknesses of about 4000.ANG.. These films grow on top of the silicon substrate and whereas the source of carbon for the film is from the ablation plume of the carbon target the source of the silicon is from the substrate. By using a method of alternate ablation of a pure carbon and a pure silicon target, similar epitaxial films can be grown to thicknesses in excess of 1 µm with part of the silicon being supplied by the ablation plume of the silicon target.

Oil-starved valve assembly:Patent # 5,406,917 with 3 claims, issued 04/18/1995. A valve assembly (10) for use in an engine (12), comprising a valve stem guide (14) and a valve seat insert (40) mounted within the engine (12), the valve stem guide (14) and the valve seat insert (40) being provided with a solid film lubricant (30) impregnated therewithin. A valve (20) is reciprocatingly received within the internal bore (16) of the tubular valve stem guide (14). The valve (20) includes an axially extending valve stem (22) which is received by the solid film lubricant (30) within the valve stem guide (14), thereby reducing friction therebetween. The valve stem (22) and the valve stem guide (14) are formed so as to cooperate with associated components within narrowly defined dimensional tolerances in a manner which has the characteristics of reduced friction and lessened passage of oil to the exhaust system of the engine (12). The valve guide assembly (10) thus has the characteristic of being operable in an oil-starved state. The invention comprises the valve assembly (10) itself, the method of preparing it, and the composition of matter of which it is made.

Solid lubricant and hardenable steel coating system:Patent # 5,408,964 with 6 claims, issued 04/25/1995. An engine block with one or more anti-friction coated cylinder bores, comprising an oil-attracting coating of grains fused to each other and to the bore wall, the grains comprising agglomerates of solid lubricant particles and hardened, fused particles, the solid lubricant particles being selected from the group consisting of graphite molybdenum disulfide, boron nitride, lithium fluoride, and calcium fluoride, the coating having been finish-honed to expose certain margins of the fused particles.

Method and Apparatus for Maximizing Vehicle Braking Effectiveness and Control: Patent # 5,411,322

Non-contact method and system for building CAD models by integrating high density data scans: Patent # 5,414,647

System and Methods for Determining Relative Brake Factors: Patent #5,415,466

 
Liquid nonaqueous detergent with stable, solubilized peracid: Patent # 5,415,796 containing 24 claims, issued 05/16/1995. The invention provides a stable, liquid, substantially nonaqueous detergent comprising: at least one imidoperacid with the structure [Figure] wherein R is C_1-20 alkylene, R¹ and R² are individually H or C_1-6 alkyl or alkenyl, or R¹ and R²join to form a heterocycle, said imidoperacid being solubilized in a liquid nonionic surfactant. The stable liquid detergent has excellent oxidant and phase stability and, if enzymes are present, maintains proficient enzyme activity.

Metal-nitrides prepared by photolytic/pyrolytic decomposition of metal-amides: Patent # 5,417,823 containing 8 claims, issued 05/23/1995. This invention is directed to a method for preparing materials comprising metal nitrides by the photolytic/pyrolytic decomposition of metal amides. The metal amides may be zirconium and/or niobium amides, which may additionally contain titanium amides.

Process for deposition of ultra-fine grained polycrystalline diamond films: Patent # 5,425,965 containing 13 claims, issued 06/20/1996. This invention is directed to a method for enhancing the diamond nucleation on a substrate prior to providing a diamond film thereon. More particularly, it is directed to a method which involved ultrasonic treatment of the substrate surface with a fluid consisting essentially of unsaturated oxygen-free hydrocarbons and diamond grit.

Method of making composite porous carbonaceous membranes: Patent # 5,431,864 containing 22 claims, issued 07/11/1995. Improved composite semipermeable membranes including microporous carbonaceous adsorptive material supported by a porous substrate for use in separating multicomponent gas mixtures in which certain components in the mixture adsorb within the pores of the adsorptive material and diffuse by surface flow through the membrane to yield a permeate stream enriched in these components. Methods for making the improved composite membranes are described including one or more oxidation steps which increase the membrane permeability and selectivity.

Environmental Controlled WIP Cart: Patent # 6,196,001

Process for preparing N-alkyl ammonium acetonitrile compounds: Patent # 6,235,218 containing 9 claims, issued 05-22-2001. A process is provided for the preparation of a compound having the structure of Formula I The process includes reacting a heterocyclic amine with a monoaldehyde or a dialdehyde in a pH range of from about 8 to 14 and then quaternizing the so-reacted heterocyclic amine with an alkylating agent at a pH of not less than about 2. The use of pH control substantially prevents formation of an undesirable protonated reaction intermediate.

Viscous actuated ball ramp clutch having one-way clutch Patent # 6,237,735

Method and Apparatus for Transporting Articles:Patent # 6,249,990

Immobilization of pseudomonas lipase on surfaces for oil removal: Patent # 6,265,191 containing 22 claims, issued 07/24/2001. Lipase is immobilized on surfaces to facilitate oil removal from the surfaces and to alter wettability of the surfaces. The lipase is isolatable from a Pseudomonas organism such as Pseudomonas putida ATCC 53552 or from an organism expressing a coding region found in or cloned from the Pseudomonas. A particularly preferred lipase has a molecular weight of about 30 to 35 kd and is resolvable as a single band by SDS gel electrophoresis. Lipase sorbed on fabric forms a fabric-lipase complex for oil stain removal. The lipase may be sorbed on fabric before or after an oil stain, and the lipase is active to hydrolyze an oil stain on dry fabric or fabric in laundering solutions. The sorbed lipase has enhanced stability to denaturation by surfactants and to heat deactivation, is resistant to removal from fabric during laundering, retains substantial activity after drying fabric at an elevated temperature, and retains activity during fabric storage or wear. Redeposition of oil and oil hydrolysis by-products during laundering of fabric is retarded by the lipase. Oil hydrolysis by-products are removable during laundering of fabric at a basic pH or in the presence of a surfactant.

Stain removing compositions containing particular isolated and pure proteolytic enzymes: Patent # 6,326,346 containing 17 claims, issued 12/04/2001. Stain removing compositions which can be granular detergents, liquid detergents, granular stain removers, liquid stain removers, household cleaners, food industrial cleaners, and the like, containing proteolytic enzymes derived from bacterium No. 177, are effective low temperature (0° C.-50° C.) stain removers.

Compositions of 1-bromopropane and an organic solvent: Patent # 6,365,565

Method and apparatus for processing tool interface in a manufacturing environment: Patent # 6,393,334

Method and apparatus for processing tool interface in a manufacturing environment Patent # 6,418,979

Processing tool interface apparatus for use in manufacturing environment:Patent # 6,427,096

Process and apparatus for the production of synthesis gas: Patent # 6,534,551 containing 19 claims, issued 03/18/2003. A process for the production of synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon fuel and steam and/or oxygen gas wherein at least part of any steam requirement is provided by heat exchange against exhaust gas from a gas turbine driving an air separation unit supplying at least part of any oxygen requirement for the synthesis gas production. The process is particularly applicable when the synthesis gas is used to prepare a synfuel by methanol synthesis or a Fischer-Tropsch process.

N-alkyl ammonium acetonitrile salts, methods therefore and compositions therewith: Patent application # 20030080319A1 containing 1 claim, issued 05-01-2003. Substantially solid compositions are provided having therein a compound with the structure of Formula I 1 wherein A is a saturated ring formed by a plurality of iatoms in addition to the N₁ atom, the saturated ring atoms including at least one carbon atom and at least one of O, S, and N atoms, the substituent R₁ bound to the N₁ atom of the Formula I structure including either (a) a C_1-24 alkyl or alkoxylated alkyl where the alkoxy is C_2-4, (b) a C_4-24 cycloalkyl, (c) a C_7-24 alkaryl, (d) a repeating or nonrepeating alkoxy or alkoxylated alcohol, where the alkoxy unit is C_2-4, or (e) —CR₂R₃C≡N where R₂ and R₃ are each H, a C_1-24 alkyl, cycloalkyl, or alkaryl, or a repeating or nonrepeating alkoxyl or alkoxylated alcohol where the alkoxy unit is C_2-4, the R₂ and R₃ substituents being each H, a C_1-24 alkyl, cycloalkyl, or alkaryl, or a repeating or nonrepeating alkoxyl or alkoxylated alcohol where the alkoxy unit is C_2-4, Z is a value in the range of 0 to 10, and wherein Y is monovalent or multivalent and is sulfate, bisulfate, tosylate, or mixtures of sulfate and bisulfate as counterion. These compositions have reduced water uptake due to the Formula I compound. The compositions are particularly well suited to bleaching and cleaning compositions formulated to include a source of active oxygen.

Oilless internal combustion engine having gas phase lubrication: Patent # RE34,143 with 19 claims, issued 12/15/1992. An oilless engine having a piston reciprocal within a cylinder and along an axis of such cylinder while providing an annular gap therebetween to receive combustion gases and a gas phase blow-by control system for such engine. The system comprises (a) an annular receptacle in at least one of said piston and cylinder; (b) an annular body of graphite carrying high temperature solid lubricant disposed in said annular receptacle, said body presenting a face projecting out of said receptacle: (c) an elastomer material retentive of elasticity at the maximum operating temperature to be experienced by said body, interposed between said body and receptacle to urge said body to close said gap under all operating conditions of said engine; and (d) axially directed grooves in said body face sized to substantially trap cylinders of combustion gases therein by viscosity under low pressure gradients and to limit the passage of a combustion gases through said grooves under high pressure gradients to one percent or less of the cylinder gas charge volume, the gas cylinders functioning as bearings to ride the piston during reciprocation.

Uncooled oilless internal combustion engine having uniform gas squeeze film lubrication: Patent # RE34,336 with 13 claims, issued 08/10/1993. An apparatus for providing a gas phase film lubrication between a reciprocal piston and a cylinder of an uncooled oilless internal combustion engine; the piston is effective to drive a rotary crankshaft in response to an expanding gas charge. The apparatus comprises: (a) means connecting the crankshaft to said piston for transferring reciprocal thrust into rotary thrust, such means aligning the piston concentrically within the cylinder wall to limit the imposition of side loads on said piston (i.e., less than 80 psi); (b) interfacing walls on the piston and cylinder (i) sized to provide a predetermined annular gap therebetween at ambient conditions that has a radial dimension in the range of 0.001.+-.0.0005 inches, (ii) consisting of matched materials that prevent closure of the gap due to thermal expansion under the maximum temperature differential to be experienced between the piston and cylinder wall, and (iii) are preshaped to anticipate any thermal growth of the interfacing walls for maintaining the annular gap substantially constant at elevated temperatures.