WHEAT TAXONOMY

Classification of Triticum according to Bowden 1959.

Bowden's classification [reference] is of historical importance because it established the trend for cytogenetically based taxonomic treatments that group the wheats together into one large genus Triticum. The Kimber and Sears (1987) classification serves as the modern version of this genetic approach to taxonomy. Bowden departed from the standard taxonomic practice in his use of 'cultivar groups' for subspecific taxa and his omission of formal Section titles for the groupings of species. Bowden's classification is presented here in its original form except for spelling and authority corrections. It also includes changes made by Bowden in 1966 [reference]. The currently accepted genome symbols also have been added.

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Triticum L. emend.

I. Diploids (2n = 2x = 14)

GENOME	SPECIES
A	Triticum monococcum L.
Sb	Triticum bicorne Forsskål
M	Triticum comosum (Sm. in Sibth. & Sm.) K.Richter
C	Triticum dichasians (Zhuk.) Bowden	[not validly published]
Sl	Triticum longissimum (Schweinf. & Muschl. in Muschl.) Bowden
S	Triticum speltoides (Tausch) Gren. ex K. Richter
	f. speltoides
	f. ligusticum (Savig.) Bowden
D	Triticum tauschii (Cosson) Schmalh.	[synonymous]
T	Triticum tripsacoides (Jaub. & Spach) Bowden
	f. tripsacoides
	f. loliaceum (Jaub. & Spach) Bowden
U	Triticum umbellulatum (Zhuk.) Bowden
N	Triticum uniaristatum (Vis.) K.Richter

II(a). Allotetraploid wheats with genome BBAA or genome GGAA (2n = 28) and a related autoallohexaploid form (2n = 42)

GENOME	SPECIES
BA	Triticum turgidum L.
	cultivar group turgidum
	cultivar group polonicum (based on Triticum polonicum L.)
	cultivar group dicoccum (based on Triticum dicoccum Schrank ex Schübler)
	cultivar group durum (based on Triticum durum Desf.)
	cultivar group carthlicum (based on Triticum carthlicum Nevski in Kom.)
	cultivar group paleocolchicum (based on Triticum paleocolchicum Menabde)
	cultivar group turanicum (based on Triticum turanicum Jakubz.)
	cultivar group aethiopicum (based on Triticum aethiopicum Jakubz.)
	var. dicoccoides (Körn. ex Asch. & Graebner) Bowden
GA	var. timopheevii
GAA	f. zhukovskyi (Menabde & Ericzjan) Bowden
GA	var. tumanianii L.(Jakubz.) Bowden

II(b). Allohexaploid wheats with genomic formula BBAADD (2n = 42)

GENOME	SPECIES
BA	Triticum aestivum L.
	cultivar group aestivum
	cultivar group spelta (based on Triticum spelta L.)
	cultivar group compactum (based on Triticum compactum Host)
	cultivar group sphaerococcum (based on Triticum sphaerococcum Percival.)
	cultivar group macha (based on Triticum macha Dekapr. & Menabde)
	cultivar group vavilovii (based on Triticum vavilovii (Tumanian) Jakubz.)

II(c). Allopolyploid speies of interspecific hybrid origin (2n = 28 or 2n = 42)

GENOME	SPECIES
DM	Triticum crassum (Boiss.) Aitch. & Hemsl.
CD	Triticum cylindricum (Host) Ces., Pass. & Gibelli
DMU	Triticum juvenale Thell.
US	Triticum kotschyi (Boiss.) Bowden
UM	Triticum macrochaetum (Shuttlew. & A.Huet ex Duval-Jouve) K.Richter
UM	Triticum ovatum (L.) Raspail	[ambiguous]
CU	Triticum persicum (Boiss.) Aitch. & Hemsl.	[form of Triticum triunciale]
UMN	Triticum rectum (Zhuk.) Bowden
DMS	Triticum syriacum Bowden
UM	Triticum triaristatum (Willd.) Godron & Gren.	[ambiguous]
UC	Triticum triunciale (L.) Raspail
DM	Triticum turcomanicum (Roshev.) Bowden	[4x form of Triticum juvenale]
DN	Triticum ventricosum (Tausch) Ces., Pass. & Gilelli