Hungry-Babies often cry when they're hungry. If it's been at least two hours since he was fed, see if he is hungry.

Lonely-If baby calms and stays calm as soon as you pick him up, he missed you! Remember, baby was in a snuggly womb, hearing a heart beat for 9 months. Baby's need for closeness is very real. You can't spoil a baby by cuddling him when he needs it-or when you need it.

Cold/Hot-Feel baby's back or tummy to see if he is too cool or too hot. Adjust clothing to make him comfortable. Dress baby like yourself or one layer warmer.

Overstimulated-Lots of people bouncing or talking to the baby at once may overdo it. Give baby some calm and quiet. Rocking him in a dimly lit room may help.

Undressed-Put a cloth on baby's tummy until you redress him.

Startled-Baby may move suddenly, startle and cry. Wrapping a blanket securely around him and holding him firmly may calm him.

Wet Diapers-Some babies don't mind; others do.

Pain-Baby may be ill or uncomfortable because a pin is pricking him or his clothes have sharp tags or zippers.

Sleepiness-Some babies need to fuss a bit before sleeping.

Authors: Dave Riley and Dorian Schatell at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and University of Wisconsin