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"This material was produced under..."

This material was produced under grant number 46G1-HT02 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor.  It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Teaching materials were developed by the Hazardous Materials Training and Research Institute (HMTRI), Kirkwood Community College, Cedar Rapids, IA.

"To identify hazards and protect..."

	To identify hazards and protect workers
	To effectively communicate workplace hazards
	To comply with OSHA regulations:
		Communications rely on understanding what is being conveyed
		OSHA requires Employers to communicate hazards to employees

"Define musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs"

	Define musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs)
	Learn how ergonomics relates
	Recognize Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs) risk factors
	Identify Risk Factors as they relate to Hand & Wrist

"Stress to the body may..."

	Stress to the body may occur when a person is exposed to certain high risk activities
	If the stress is greater than the body’s normal recovery period, inflammation of the tissue can follow
	Chronic inflammation leads to development of a musculoskeletal disorder (MSD)

"…is to make an..."

	…is to make an activity easy and safe to perform

"E arly"

	E arly
	R esponse
	G ains
	O pportunity
	Communications
	Pain prevention
	Cost containment
	Education
	Intervention
	Solutions

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"Tendons transmit force from muscle..."

	Tendons transmit force from muscle to bone
	Micro tears of tendon occur daily
	Tears typically repair themselves
	Repeated loading prevent adequate repair
	Causes Inflammation and pain

"Repetition"

	Repetition
	Force
	Prolonged or awkward positions
	Compression

"Is affected by:"

	Is affected by:
	Type of grip
	Object weight
	Object dimension
	Required posture

"50,000 to 200,000 key strokes..."

	50,000 to 200,000 key strokes per day
	Technology
		Speed
		No built in breaks
	Less variation in work

"Elbows should be at 90"

	Elbows should be at 90° to 105°
	Whenever possible, unload your upper extremity

"Position keyboard relative to major..."

	Position keyboard relative to major functions
	Minimize wrist deviation

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"Avoid reaching up and over"

	Avoid reaching up and over
	Consider the wrist-rest as a transitional landing pad

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"Best known musculoskeletal disorder (..."

	Best known musculoskeletal disorder (MSD)
	Compression of the median nerve at the wrist
	Tunnel made up of nine flexor tendons and one peripheral nerve
	Numbness and tingling on the thumb side of the hand

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"Keep neck straight"

	Keep neck straight
	Use shoulder rests, speaker phone, headset

"It can cause:"

	It can cause:
	Muscular Strain
	Tension Headaches
	Ligament Laxity
	Degenerative Arthritis
	Nerve Root Compromise

"If forward head postures are..."

	If forward head postures are so bad, why do we do it?

"As components and associated circuits..."

	As components and associated circuits have continued to shrink, operators have found ways to enhance their individual focal lengths for vision
	This has led to a variety of very predictable postural accommodations

"Targeting of large objects can..."

	Targeting of large objects can be performed at a distance > 15 inches
	Targeting of small objects need to be performed at 6-10 inches, i.e., needle and thread

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"Review of the anatomy"

	Review of the anatomy
		normal curves
		bony columns
		function of the disc
		spinal cord & nerve roots
		degenerative issues
	Maintain the balance

"Avoid spinal flexion"

	Avoid spinal flexion
	Avoid twisting
	Avoid increasing disc pressure
	Avoid reaching
	Maintain up-right neutral postures
	Hips = shoulders
	Elbows at your sides
	Keep the load close to your body

"Take a pause"

	Take a pause
	Rest from stress, not from function
	Use reversal of positions
		flexed wrists
		flexed elbows
		forward shoulders
		forward heads
		sitting

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"Remember to take your quiz"

	Remember to take your quiz.
	Click here