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2	"This material was produced under..." This material was produced under grant number 46G1-HT02 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Teaching materials were developed by the Hazardous Materials Training and Research Institute (HMTRI), Kirkwood Community College, Cedar Rapids, IA.
3	"To identify hazards and protect..." To identify hazards and protect workers To effectively communicate workplace hazards To comply with OSHA regulations: Communications rely on understanding what is being conveyed OSHA requires Employers to communicate hazards to employees
4	"Define musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs" Define musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) Learn how ergonomics relates Recognize Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs) risk factors Identify Risk Factors as they relate to Hand & Wrist
5	"Stress to the body may..." Stress to the body may occur when a person is exposed to certain high risk activities If the stress is greater than the body’s normal recovery period, inflammation of the tissue can follow Chronic inflammation leads to development of a musculoskeletal disorder (MSD)
6	"…is to make an..." …is to make an activity easy and safe to perform
7	"E arly" E arly R esponse G ains O pportunity Communications Pain prevention Cost containment Education Intervention Solutions
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9	"Tendons transmit force from muscle..." Tendons transmit force from muscle to bone Micro tears of tendon occur daily Tears typically repair themselves Repeated loading prevent adequate repair Causes Inflammation and pain
10	"Repetition" Repetition Force Prolonged or awkward positions Compression
11	"Is affected by:" Is affected by: Type of grip Object weight Object dimension Required posture
12	"50,000 to 200,000 key strokes..." 50,000 to 200,000 key strokes per day Technology Speed No built in breaks Less variation in work
13	"Elbows should be at 90" Elbows should be at 90° to 105° Whenever possible, unload your upper extremity
14	"Position keyboard relative to major..." Position keyboard relative to major functions Minimize wrist deviation
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17	"Avoid reaching up and over" Avoid reaching up and over Consider the wrist-rest as a transitional landing pad
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19	"Best known musculoskeletal disorder (..." Best known musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) Compression of the median nerve at the wrist Tunnel made up of nine flexor tendons and one peripheral nerve Numbness and tingling on the thumb side of the hand
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27	"Keep neck straight" Keep neck straight Use shoulder rests, speaker phone, headset
28	"It can cause:" It can cause: Muscular Strain Tension Headaches Ligament Laxity Degenerative Arthritis Nerve Root Compromise
29	"If forward head postures are..." If forward head postures are so bad, why do we do it?
30	"As components and associated circuits..." As components and associated circuits have continued to shrink, operators have found ways to enhance their individual focal lengths for vision This has led to a variety of very predictable postural accommodations
31	"Targeting of large objects can..." Targeting of large objects can be performed at a distance > 15 inches Targeting of small objects need to be performed at 6-10 inches, i.e., needle and thread
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38	"Review of the anatomy" Review of the anatomy normal curves bony columns function of the disc spinal cord & nerve roots degenerative issues Maintain the balance
39	"Avoid spinal flexion" Avoid spinal flexion Avoid twisting Avoid increasing disc pressure Avoid reaching Maintain up-right neutral postures Hips = shoulders Elbows at your sides Keep the load close to your body
40	"Take a pause" Take a pause Rest from stress, not from function Use reversal of positions flexed wrists flexed elbows forward shoulders forward heads sitting
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44	"Remember to take your quiz" Remember to take your quiz. Click here