Jumpponen, A., Trappe, J.M. and Cázares, E. 1999.  Ectomycorrhizal fungi in Lyman Lake Basin: a comparison between primary and secondary successional sites. Mycologia 91: 575­582.

The results of eight years of study of the ectomycorrhizal macrofungi at the subalpine Lyman Lake Basin (Glacier Peak Wilderness area in the North Cascade Mountains, Washington, USA) are reported. The basin was divided into three sites: the primary successional glacier forefront vs. two secondary successional habitata (subalpine parkland and old-growth montane Tsuga mertensiana ­ Abiesamabilis). The 145 collections of ectomycorrhizal fungi obtained represented 68 taxa, 25 genera, 14 families and 7 orders. The Cortinariaceae was the most species-rich family with 25 species. Cortinarius was the most species-rich genus with 17 species. The two secondary successional sites shared 12.1% of the species; while the primary successional site shared only 2 and 5.1%, respectively, with the two secondary successional sites. No ectomycorrhizal species occurred on all three sites. The secondary successional sites shared 7 species (Boletus edulis, Elaphomycesgranulatus, Hydnotrya variiformis, Rhizopogonsubsalmoneus, R. vulgaris, Russula emetica and Thaxterogaster pingue) while the primary successional site shared two species with the parkland (Fuscoboletinus aeruginascens and Suillus cavipes) and only one with montane site (Inocybelacera). Sixty-one species occurred at only one site. These data show that the communities of ectomycorrhizal fungi differ between the primary and secondary successional sites. The results are discussed in the context of succession, fungal life strategies, and ecology of alpine fungi.